71 docs tagged with "AP2"

UML activity diagrams: notation, actions, control flow, decision and merge, loops, fork and join, swimlanes, and how the elements map to program control structures.

How an analog-to-digital converter turns a continuous voltage into a digital value, including resolution, quantization steps, measurement resolution, and the formulas to calculate a binary output.

How ARP resolves IP addresses to MAC addresses within a local network, including local vs. remote delivery, the request/reply process, and the ARP cache.

Agreements between competing companies to restrict competition, with German cartel categories

Change management in ITSM: RFC, change types (Standard, Normal, Emergency), approval bodies (CAB, CIO, EC/ECAB), FSC, CMDB, and PIR

Comprehensive explanation of UML class diagrams. Including structure, visibility, relationships, cardinality, best practices, and a example on the basis of a library system.

The three types of incoming service requests in ITSM: events, service requests, and incidents — and the role of the helpdesk as SPOC

State supervision of competition law to prevent restrictions, abuse of power and monopolies

How compilers and interpreters translate source code, their advantages and disadvantages, and the role of bytecode, virtual machines and just-in-time compilation

UML component diagrams: components, provided and required interfaces, assembly and delegation connectors, ports, artifacts and manifestation, nesting, dependencies, and the delimitation from class and deployment diagrams.

Combinations of legally independent companies under unified leadership, including the holding structure

Primitive and composite data types in programming languages, their value ranges, memory usage and conversion rules.

Overview of the four phases of database development: external, conceptual, semantic, and physical.

The relational database schema: tables, keys, notation, the transformation of an ER model into tables and referential integrity.

An overview of relational and non-relational databases, core concepts like normalization and ACID, and common database systems.

UML deployment diagrams: nodes, devices and execution environments, artifacts and their deployment, communication paths with protocol stereotypes, multiplicities and nesting.

How DHCP automatically assigns IP configuration to clients, including the DORA process, leases, scopes, options, reservations, relay agents and failover.

How the Domain Name System resolves names to IP addresses: hierarchy and FQDN, zones and record types, recursive vs. iterative queries and caching.

Symmetric and asymmetric encryption including AES, RSA and Diffie-Hellman, hash functions, password hashing with salt and bcrypt, and digital signatures.

An overview of the Entity-Relationship model: entities, attributes, relationships, cardinality, weak entities and Chen notation.

The three types of IT events — Information, Warning, and Exception — and how they are managed in ITSM

Business model where a franchisee uses a franchisor's proven business concept

What frequency in Hertz means, and how pulse-width modulation uses a duty cycle to approximate analog output levels with a purely digital signal, including the period, frequency, and duty-cycle formulas.

Object, package, communication, timing, interaction overview, composite structure and profile diagram: purpose, central notation elements, typical use and the boundary to the closest related UML diagram.

A Gantt chart is a horizontal bar chart used to visualize a project schedule, showing tasks, durations, and their timeline.

Overview of the most common HTTP status codes grouped by category.

Incident management in ITSM: configuration items, categorisation, prioritisation, the incident record, major incidents, and support levels

Definition, formula and example of an installment loan

Voluntary association of independent partners to pursue shared interests, not a legal entity in itself

The INVEST criteria help teams write better user stories by ensuring they are Independent, Negotiable, Valuable, Estimable, Small, and Testable.

How IPv6 addresses are structured, compressed, and expanded, including the most important reserved addresses (loopback, link-local), the unicast/multicast/anycast types, and address scopes.

The four core IT security goals, confidentiality, integrity, availability, authenticity, and what they mean in practice.

Overview of IT service categories, the IMAC/R/D lifecycle, and key ITSM terminology

Overview of the Information Technology Infrastructure Library (ITIL): goals, service lifecycle phases, and key processes

Cooperation of independent companies, often through a jointly founded firm

JSON conventions: file naming, key naming, and comparison of JSON, JSONC, and JSON5

Full combination of companies into one entity, plus the resulting trust

Why name resolution is needed and an overview of the common systems for Windows and Linux networks: DNS, LLMNR, NetBIOS and mDNS.

How NAT translates private IP addresses to public ones, including PAT/overloading and port forwarding.

A network plan models project tasks as a directed graph to identify dependencies, calculate earliest and latest times, and determine the critical path.

An overview of the three database normalization forms (1NF, 2NF, 3NF) with examples.

How to calculate a sales price from a supplier's list price using the standard trade calculation scheme, covering discounts, markups, and VAT.

How to compare supplier offers quantitatively and qualitatively to determine the best deal in procurement.

A comparison of open source and proprietary software

The 7-layer OSI reference model: an overview of each layer's role, responsibilities, and common protocols.

Personal data under GDPR: regular and special categories, the principles of Art. 5, the legal bases of Art. 6 and the rights of data subjects

The ITIL Priority Matrix (Urgency x Impact) and the Eisenhower Matrix as tools for prioritising incidents and tasks in IT support

Key methods for IT problem analysis: the 5-Why method, Ishikawa diagram, DMAIC cycle, and the Cause-Effect matrix

Problem management in ITSM: the distinction between incidents and problems, problem control, error control, proactive problem management, and key KPIs

The 5 project phases provide a structured framework for planning, executing, and completing a project.

Overview of JBOD and the RAID levels 0, 1, 5, 6, 10 and 01 with their trade-offs between performance, redundancy and storage efficiency.

A practical overview of the Raspberry Pi: its GPIO pins, the difference between sensors and actuators, how a breadboard works, and what the connections of common components such as an LED, a temperature sensor, and a buzzer mean.

Overview of regular expression syntax, character classes, quantifiers, anchors, groups, lookaround, and common patterns.

Release management in ITSM: executing changes smoothly via Big Bang or Phased rollout, release packages, rollback, virtual machines, and the PIR

Overview of requirement specifications and functional specifications in project management

Scrum is an agile framework for developing complex products through short iterations, clear roles, and regular reflection.

UML sequence diagrams: lifelines, execution specifications, synchronous and asynchronous messages, replies, creation and destruction of objects, combined fragments such as alt, opt, loop and par, and the delimitation from activity and communication diagrams.

Structure and content of Service Level Agreements (SLAs), Service Level Management, the roles of Service Level Manager and Service Owner, and OLAs

On-Premise, Infrastructure-as-a-Service, Platform-as-a-Service, Function-as-a-Service and Software-as-a-Service explained

The SMART criteria help teams define clear and actionable goals.

Economic order combining free markets with state intervention for social balance

UML state machine diagrams: states, transitions with trigger, guard and effect, entry, do and exit activities, composite states, regions, history states, and the state transition table.

Subnetting Basics, Calculations & Examples (IPv4)

Transmission Control Protocol: connection setup and teardown, reliability mechanisms, flow and congestion control, typical use cases.

Overview of horizontal, vertical, and diagonal mergers and their characteristics

User Datagram Protocol: connectionless transport, header structure and typical use cases.

Cross-diagram UML notation: visibility markers, multiplicities and how to read them, keywords, stereotypes, notes, tagged values, constraints, role names, naming conventions and diagram frames.

Overview of the Unified Modeling Language: the 14 diagram types of UML 2.5, the split into structure and behavioural diagrams with interaction diagrams as a subgroup, typical applications, criteria for choosing the right diagram, and the role of UML in software design.

UML use case diagrams: actors, system boundary, associations, the relationships include, extend and generalization, the difference between diagram and use case description, and their role in requirements analysis.

Temporary cooperation between independent companies for a shared project